Chapter9 Non-tariff Trade Policy必看课件资料.ppt

Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Non-tariff Trade Policy 8-* Preview Import quotas Export subsidies Voluntary export restraints Local content requirements 8-* Import Quota(进口配额) An import quota is a restriction on the quantity of a good that may be imported. This restriction is usually enforced by issuing licenses to domestic firms that import, or in some cases to foreign governments of exporting countries. A binding import quota will push up the price of the import because the quantity demanded will exceed the quantity supplied by domestic producers and from imports. 8-* Import Quota (cont.) When a quota instead of a tariff is used to restrict imports, the government receives no revenue. Instead, the revenue from selling imports at high prices goes to quota license holders: either domestic firms or foreign governments. These extra revenues are called quota rents(配额带来的经济租). 8-* Fig. 9-1: Effects of the U.S. Import Quota on Sugar Effects of the U.S. Import Quota on Sugar Figure 9-1 shows an estimate of the effects of the sugar in 2005. The figure is drawn on the assumption that the United States is “small” in the world sugar market. The quota restricted imports to 1.7 million tons, as a result, the price of sugar in the United States was more than twice the price in the outside world. the sugar import quota holds imports to about half the level that would occur under free trade. 8-* Effects of the U.S. Import Quota on Sugar The result is that the price of sugar is $418 per ton, versus the $210 price on world markets. This produces a gain for U.S. sugar producers, but a much larger loss for U.S. consumers. There is no revenue gain for the U.S. government, because the quota rents are collected by foreign government. 8-* Effects of the U.S. Import Quota on Sugar The welfare effects of the import quota are indicated by the areas a, b, c,