矿山岩体力学考卷.docVIP

名词解释：（10题，每题2分，计20分） 1、主应力/ principle stress： 2、平面问题/ plane problem： 3、岩石强度准则类型/types of strength criterion 4、岩体结构/rock mass structure： 5、扩容/dilation： 6、开度/aperture： 7、峰值强度/Peak strength： 8、原岩应力场/virgin stress： 9、屈服/yield： 10、自重应力/dead weight stress： 二、简答题：（5题，每题6分，计30分） 1、简述岩石应力-应变全过程各阶段特点, 并作曲线图表示。 2、试述弹性力学的基本假定（六个）。 3、简述岩体原生结构面及其分类特点。 4、写出平面问题的平衡微分方程表达式。 5、简述浅部地壳应力分布的一般规律。 三、计算与分析讨论题：（3题，共50分） 1、（20分）1、设某岩体的结构体强度符合莫尔—库仑强度准则，C＝10Mpa，＝45，受三轴压应力作用，其中。若此岩体受、的作用方向分别为铅直和水平，而岩体内仅包括有一条节理。该节理面的，。节理对水平的倾角或为30，或为60，或为75，或为90。问： （1）不考虑节理面影响，岩体极限平衡时的 （2）在何种情况下，节理不破坏，仅岩块破坏？ （3）在何种情况下，节理不破坏，或岩块和节理都破坏且岩块面和节理重合？ （4）在何种情况下，岩块和节理都破坏，但岩石破裂面并不与节理面重合？ 2、（10分）An element of rock 800 m below ground surface is transgressed by a set of parallel, smooth continuous joints, dipping as shown in the figure below. The fissures are water filled below an elevation 100 m below the ground surface. The vertical stress component pzz is a principal stress, and equal to the depth stress .From the calculated depth stress, pzz , calculate the range of possible magnitudes of the horizontal stress component, pxx . The unit weight of the rock mass is 26 kN m- 3, and the unit weight of water 9.8 kN m- 3. The resistance to slip on the joints is purely frictional, with an angle of friction φ of 20o. State any assumptions used in deriving the solution. rFig. 1 3、（20分）The following results were obtained in a series of direct shear tests carried out on 100 mm square specimens of granite containing clean, rough, dry joints. (a) Determine the basic friction angle and the initial roughness angle for the joint surfaces. (b) Establish a peak shear strength criterion for the joints, suitable for use in the range of normal stresses, 0～4 MPa. (c) Assuming linear shear stress-shear displacement relations to peak shear strength, investigate the influence of normal stress on the shear stiffness of the joints. 8 A triaxial compression test is to be carried out on a specimen of the granite