机械英语综合教程Lesson 4 Machine Elements and Mechanism.pptxVIP

Lesson 4 Machine Elements and Mechanism;collection;Big Mind;Sometimes certain elements are associated in pairs, such nuts and bolts or keys and shafts. In other instances, a group of elements is combined to form a subassembly, such as bearings, couplings, and clutches.;The most common example of machine elements is a gear, fundamentally, is a combination of the wheel and the lever to form a toothed wheel. The rotation of this gear on a hub or shaft drives other gears that may rotate faster or slower, depending upon the number of teeth on the basic wheels. ;Other fundamental machine elements have evolved from wheel and lever. A wheel must have a shaft on which it may rotate. The wheel is fastened to the shafts with couplings. The shaft must rest in bearings, may be turned by pulley with a belt or a chain connecting it to a pulley on a second shaft. The supporting structure may be assembled with bolts or rivets or by welding. ;Proper application of these machine elements depends upon knowledge of the force on the structure and strength of the materials employed. The individual reliability of machine elements becomes the basis for estimating the overall life expectancy of a complete machine. ;Many machine elements are thoroughly standardized. Testing and practical experience have established the most suitable dimensions for common structural and machine parts. Through standardization, uniformity of practice and resulting economics are obtained. Not all machine parts in use are standardized, however. In the automotive industry only fasteners, bearings, bushings, chains, and belts are standardizes. Crankshafts and connecting rods are not standardized.;Mechanism Systems 机构系统;Take the shaping machine as an example. Two working links ( or output links ) are needed to shape a flat surface. They are the sliding block with the shaping tool ( cutter ) and the worktable holding the workpiece. Carrying the cutter, the sliding block moves back and forth to perform the cutting mot