英语定语从句考点全面解析.docVIP

第二部分 考点透析 1. 定语从句顾名思义就是起修饰限定作用的句子, 故又称形容词性从句。 同其它从句相比较，其引导词本身在从句中充当一定的成分，这是学习定语从句的一个关键点, 例如：当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词，宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。 2. 关系词：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why 2.1关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 2.1.1 who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。whom在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略, 并在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替。 例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （who/that在从句中做主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语） Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. 2.1.2 whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： We all helped the student whose father is a teacher.　 Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 2.1.3 which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等, 做宾语时常可省略。 例如： Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys. The factory which / that makes computers is far away from here. This is the pen ( which/that ) he bought yesterday. The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 2.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 　 关系副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点或理由。相当于“介词+ which”结构。此处的介词一般应是能同先行词搭配的介词。 2.1.1关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which” 结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如： I still remember the day when (on which) I went to school for the first time. 　 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.　 Is this the reason why（for which）he did not go to school ? 2.3 特殊引导词：先行词和关系词二合一 1.1 Whoever= anyone who Whoever smokes in public will be punished here. 1.2 What = all that / the thing which The parents will use what they have to send their son to college. What you want has been sent here. 1.3 Whatever = anything that You can take whatever you like. Whatever you say will be examined. 2.3 关系词的省略 在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。 2.3.1 关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。 Are these keys (that /which) you are looking for? The man (who/that) I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time. 2.3.2 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通