利用Excel进行统计分析-Chapter11-Analysis of Variance.pptVIP

Statistics for ManagersUsing Microsoft? Excel 5th Edition Chapter 11 Analysis of Variance Learning Objectives In this chapter, you learn: The basic concepts of experimental design How to use the one-way analysis of variance to test for differences among the means of several groups How to use the two-way analysis of variance and interpret the interaction Chapter Overview General ANOVA Setting Investigator controls one or more factors of interest Each factor contains two or more levels Levels can be numerical or categorical Different levels produce different groups Think of the groups as populations Observe effects on the dependent variable Are the groups the same? Experimental design: the plan used to collect the data Completely Randomized Design Experimental units (subjects) are assigned randomly to the different levels (groups) Subjects are assumed homogeneous Only one factor or independent variable With two or more levels (groups) Analyzed by one-factor analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) One-Way Analysis of Variance Evaluate the difference among the means of three or more groups Examples: Accident rates for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd shift Expected mileage for five brands of tires Assumptions Populations are normally distributed Populations have equal variances Samples are randomly and independently drawn Hypotheses: One-Way ANOVA All population means are equal i.e., no treatment effect (no variation in means among groups) At least one population mean is different i.e., there is a treatment (groups) effect Does not mean that all population means are different (at least one of the means is different from the others) Hypotheses: One-Way ANOVA Hypotheses: One-Way ANOVA Partitioning the Variation Total variation can be split into two parts: Partitioning the Variation Partitioning the Variation The Total Sum of Squares The Total Sum of Squares Among-Group Variation Among-Group Variation Within-Group Variation Within-Group Variation Obtaining