非谓语动词--动词不定式.docxVIP

非谓语动词（Non-predicate Verbs）(一) ----动词不定式（Infinitive Verb） 非谓语的定义 非谓语动词，主要是指在主句中表示一个动作但不能充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的词。这些动词在句中不能单独做谓语，所以没有语法主语，但是有逻辑主语。 非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。 观察下列句子，找出非谓语动词的构成形式及相应的逻辑主语。 Sitting on the stone, the boy was reading a book. Followed by his son, the man came into the room. To complete the project in time, we should work harder than before. The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 归纳：非谓语的基本形式 非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式考查热点 一．动词不定式的定义和形式 注意： 使用不定式时，大多数情况下要带有不定式的符号“to”，少数情况不用“to”。 一、考查动词不定式（短语）的句法功能 1.不定式做主语。 动词不定式可以作句子的主语，这时谓语动词用单数。若不定式主语较长，常用it来代替它作形式主语，而将真实主语不定式短语移到谓语之后，以免句子结构头重脚轻。如：? 　　1.?When?and?where?to?build?the?new?factory?____?yet.? 　　A.?is?not?decided? B.?are?not?decided? 　C.?has?not?decided? D.?have?not?decided?　　2.?I?love?to?go?to?the?seaside?in?summer.?It?____?good?to?lie?in?the?sun?or?swim?in?the?cold?sea.? 　　A.?does B.?feels C.?gets D.?makes? 　　动词不定式作主语时，it为形式主语的常见句型有：?  ①?It?is?easy?/difficult/hard?/important/right/?wrong/?possible/?necessary,?/foolish/?kind...to?do...?  ②It?is?a?pleasure?/pity/?pleasant?thing/?an?honour...to?do...?  ③It?takes?(sb.)?some?time?to?do...?  2.不定式做宾语。 有些及物动词常跟动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有：like,?want,?try,?wish,?begin,?decide,?ask?,?forget,?promise,?hope,?love,?offer,?refuse?等。如：?3.?I?don’t?want?____?like?I’m?speaking?ill?of?anybody,?but?the?manager’s?plan?is?unfair.?　　A.?to?sound? B.?to?be?sounded? C.?sounding? D.?to?have?sounded? 　4.?They’re?not?very?good,?but?we?like?___.? A.?anyway?to?play?basketball?with?them? B.?to?play?basketball?with?them?anyway? 　　C.?to?play?with?them?basketball?anyway? D.?with?them?to?play?basketball?anyway? ? 有些动词后面跟复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正宾语?——不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。这类动词常见的有find(发现)，think(认为)，consider(认为)，feel(觉得)，make(使得)等。如：? Marx?found?it?important?to?study?the?situation?in?Russia.?马克思觉得研究俄国形势很重要。 不定式做表语 作表语的不定式往往说明主语的内容，句子的主语通常是hope,?idea,?job,?mistake,?plan,?suggestion,?wish,?work,?ai