结晶过程12教学课件.ppt

Crystallization equipment (3) Twin crystallizer Consists of two interconnected simple crystallizers, each section operating at a different temperature. Crystallization equipment (4) Scraped-surface crystallizer Crystallization equipment The unit is essentially a double-pipe heat exchanger fitted with an internal scraping device to keep the heat transfer surfaces clean. Employed for the crystallization of paraffin wax and the processing of viscous materials such as lard and margarine, also applied to the freeze concentration of foodstuffs such as fruit juices,vinegar, tea and coffee, but very small crystals are generally produced, since a considerable degree of attrition and nucleation is unavoidable. Advantage: the amount of liquor hold-up is very low. Crystallization equipment 2. Evaporating crystallizers Forced circulation evaporators Forced circulation Evaporator-crystallizers: Swenson APV-Kenstner In the Swenson crystallizer the crystal magma is circulated from the conical base of the evaporator body through the vertical tubular heat exchanger and reintroduced tangentially into the evaporator below the liquor level to create a swirling action and prevent flashing. Feedstock enters on the pump inlet side of the circulation system. In the APV-Kestner unit, usually called a long-tube salting evaporator, the feedstock also enters the circuit on the pump inlet side. The liquor level in the separator(the evaporator body) is kept above the top of the heat exchanger to prevent boiling in the tubes. Liquor enters tangentially, giving a swirl, but a baffle in the separator creates a relatively Crystallization equipment Crystallization equipment quiescent growth zone. The larger crystals settle to the conical base and are discharged through the salt box, or by some other suitable means. The fine crystals are recirculated through the heat exchanger. Both these crystallizers are widely used for a variety of substances such as NaCl, (NH4)2SO4, FeSO4, N