《经济学专业英语教程（第三版下）》Unit3人力资源管理.ppt

Unit 3 Text: Human Resources Management （人力资源管理） 1. Key words 2. Motivation 3. Maslow’s need hierarchy theory 4. Equity Theory 5. Reinforcement Theory 6. Questions 1. Key words 2. Motivation A basic definition of motivation might be the process that causes behavior to be energized, directed, and sustained. To explain motivation, we must try to understand the “whys” of behavior. Why does an individual choose to act one way rather than another? Why does the individual stop doing something that needs to be done? In attempts to understand the “whys” of individual behavior, different types of motivational theories have been developed. 3. Maslow’s need hierarchy theory 3.1 Three basic assumptions for need levels 3.2 Lower-level needs 3.3 Higher-level needs 3.1 Three basic assumptions for need levels 3.1.1 A satisfied need does not motivate. When a need is satisfied, another need emerges to take its place, so people are always striving to satisfy some need. 3.1.2 Various needs are arranged in a hierarchy such that individuals attempt to satisfy some needs before moving on to others. 3.1.3 There are more ways to satisfy higher-level needs than lower-level needs. 3.2 Lower-level needs 3.2.1 Physiological needs 3.2.2 Safety and security needs 3.2.1 Physiological needs The physiological needs are those that sustain life itself: food, clothing, and shelter. Until these basic needs are met to some degree of comfort, most of our energy will be devoted to this level. Only when the physiological needs have been sufficiently satisfied will other levels of needs become important and provide motivation. 3.2.2 Safety and security needs Safety and security needs essentially includes the needs to be free from fear of physical danger and from not meeting basic physiological needs. In other words, this need level involves self-preservation. 3.3 Higher-level needs 3.3.1 Social or affiliation needs 3.3.2 Esteem needs 3.3.3 Self-actualization 3.3.1 Social or affiliation needs Because