《经济学专业英语教程（第三版下）》Unit10非关税壁垒.ppt

Unit 10 Text: Nontariff Barriers （非关税壁垒） 1. Key words 2. Definition of nontariff barriers to trade 3. The import quotas 4. Voluntary export restraints (VERs) 5. Product standards 6. Domestic content requirements 7. Government procurement provisions 8. European border taxes 9. Administrative classification 10. Restrictions on services trade 11. Trade-related investment measures 12. Additional restrictions 13. Additional domestic policies that affect trade 14. Questions 1. Key words 2. Definition of nontariff barriers to trade Besides the use of tariffs to distort the free-trade allocation of resources, government policymakers have become very adept at using other, less visible, forms of trade barriers. These are usually called nontariff barriers (NTBs) to trade. 3. The import quotas 3.1 Definition of import quotas 3.2 Reasons for import quotas 3.1 Definition of import quotas The import quota is a limit on the total quantity of imports allowed into a country each year. One way or another, the government gives out a limited number of licenses to import items legally and prohibits importing without a license. As long as the quantity of licensed imports is less than the quantity that people would want to import without the quota, the quota not only cuts the quantity imported but also drives the domestic price of the good up above the world price at which the license holders buy the good abroad. 3.2 Reasons for import quotas The first is as insurance against further increases in import competition (protectionist insurance) and import spending (balance-of-payment insurance). Quotas are also chosen in part because they give government officials greater administrative flexibility and power in dealing with domestic firms. 4. Voluntary export restraints (VERs) The voluntary export restraints (VERs) are arrangements by which the government of an importing country coerces foreign exporters to agree “voluntarily” to restrict their exports into that country. VERs are used b