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PAGE 1 Unit 1 Die and Mold Materials and Heat Treatment模具和模具材料及热处理 1.1.1 Steels Steels (first made in China and Japan around 600-800 A.C.) are generally divided into the categories of carbon steels and alloy steels (including tool steels). 钢 (第一次在中国和日本各地取得 600-800 交流），通常分为碳钢的类别及合金 （包括工具钢） 的钢。 Carbon Steels 碳钢 Carbon steels are used extensively in tool construction. Carbon steels are those steels which only contain iron and carbon, and small amounts of other alloying elements. Carbon steels are the most common and least expensive type of steels used for tools. 碳钢工具建设中广泛使用。碳钢是那些只含有铁、 碳和少量的其他合金元素的钢。碳钢是最常见和最便宜的工具用钢的类型。 The three principal types of carbon steels used for tooling are low carbon, medium carbon and high carbon steels. Low carbon steel contains between o.o5% and o.25% carbon. Medium carbon steel contains between o.25% and 0.60% carbon. High carbon steels contains between o.60% and 1.70% carbon. 用于模具的碳钢的三种主要类型是低碳、 中碳和高碳钢。低碳钢包含 o.o5%和 o.25%的碳之间。中碳钢包含 o.25%和 0.60%碳之间。高碳钢包含 o.60%和 1.70%碳之间。 As the carbon content is increased in carbon steel, the strength, toughness, and hardness also increase when the metal is heat treated. 随着碳含量碳钢中的增加，强度、 韧性及硬度也增加当金属热处理。 Low carbon steels are soft, tough steels that are easily machined and welded. Due to their low carbon content, these steels can’t be hardened except by case hardening. Low carbon steels are well suited for the following applications: tool bodies, handles, die shoes and similar situations where strength and wear resistance aren’t required. 低碳钢是软、 强硬的钢，是轻松机械加工和焊接。由于其低的碳含量，这些钢不能由硬化硬化除外。低碳钢非常适合以下应用程序： 工具机构、 手柄、 鞋模和强度和耐磨性不是必需的类似情况。 Medium carbon steels are used where greater strength and toughness are required. Since medium carbon steels have higher content, they can be heated to make parts such as studs, pins, axles, nuts. steels in this group are more expensive as well as more difficult to machine and weld than low carbon steels. 更大的强度和韧性都需要使用中碳钢钢。由于钢中碳含量更高，他们可加热