英语国家概况Chapter4.pptVIP

CONTENT Causes of decline Policies (1945-1979) In 1945 the Labor party drastic reforms: nationalization of industries Inflation and trade deficit Imports increasing Unemployment Fall of Pounds(oil crisis of 1973) Policies (1979-1997) 1979-1997 Conservative Party Margaret Thatcher Radical economic reform Privatization of industries Promote competitive spirit in economy reduced social welfare Policies (1979-1997) Policies (1997-1997) In 1997, the Labor party, Tony Blair the “Third Way”: made the Bank of England independent emphasized on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes emphasized individual responsibility UK economy UK GDP : Services Sector - 76.2 per cent of UK GDP Industry Manufacturing - 22.8 per cent of UK GDP Agriculture - 0.9 per cent of UK GDP Natural Resources Principal resources—oil and gas (in the North Sea, on the coast of Scotland) Large amount of coal (kept for future use) 1 Agriculture Agriculture: high degree of mechanization 1% of labor force-----60% of the national demand 1 Agriculture Mild climate —favorable environment for agriculture and stock raising Upland: sheep farming flat area: crop production Wet and warm area: milk and beef 1 Agriculture Important crops—wheat, barley, sugar beet, potatoes. Dairy farming: cattle, sheep, pigs and horses fishing Manufacturing 2 Energy Production Coal: in Central Scotland, Central England and South Wales. Cities: Glasgow, Manchester, Sheffield, Newcastle Rio Tinto: one of the largest mining companies 2 Energy Production Oil: new, 1975, self-sufficient, the world’s sixth oil exporter 3 Big producers: Shell, British Petroleum (BP), British Gas (BG) 2 Energy Production Nuclear power: 1956 16 nuclear power plants Rio Tinto Group Rio Tinto Group?is a British-Australian?multinational?metals and mining corporation with headquarters in?London, United Kingdom, and a management office in?Melbourne, Australia. The company has operations on six continents but is mainly concentra