生物化学ii核酸降解和核苷酸代谢.ppt

Nitrogenous Bases Planar, aromatic, and heterocyclic Derived from purine or pyrimidine Structure of Nucleotide Bases Sugars D-Ribose and 2’-Deoxyribose Nucleosides Phosphate Groups Mono-, di- or triphosphates Phosphates can be bonded to either C3 or C5 atoms of the sugar Nucleotides Result from linking one or more phosphates with a nucleoside onto the 5’ end of the molecule through esterification Nucleotides DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides Both deoxy- and ribonucleotides contain Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine Ribonucleotides contain Uracil Deoxyribonucleotides contain Thymine Nucleosides: Purine nucleosides end in “-sine” Adenosine, Guanosine Pyrimidine nucleosides end in “-dine” Thymidine, Cytidine, Uridine Nucleotides: Start with the nucleoside name from above and add “mono-”, “di-”, or “triphosphate” Adenosine Monophosphate, Cytidine Triphosphate, Deoxythymidine Diphosphate 核苷酸的功能 核苷酸是核酸生物合成的前体 核苷酸衍生物是许多生物合成的活性中间物，例如：UDP-葡萄糖和CDP-二酯酰甘油分别是糖原和磷酸甘油酯合成的中间物 ATP是生物能量代谢中通用的高能化合物 腺苷酸是三种重要辅酶的组分 某些核苷酸是代谢的调节物质。如：cAMP和cGMP是许多激素引起的胞内信使 核 酸 酶 外切核酸酶对核酸的水解位点 限制性内切酶 限制性内切酶的命名和意义 核苷酸的降解 嘌呤碱的分解 嘌呤碱的分解首先是在各种脱氨酶的作用下水解脱去氨基。 脱氨反应也可以在核苷或核苷酸的水平上进行，在动物组织中腺嘌呤脱氨酶的含量极少，而腺嘌呤核苷脱氨酶和腺嘌呤核苷酸脱氨酶的活性极高。 嘌呤碱基的脱氨 嘌呤的分解代谢 尿酸的进一步分解 A CASE STUDY : GOUT A 45-year-old man awoke from sleep with a painful and swollen right great toe. On the previous night he had eaten a meal of fried liver and onions, after which he met with his poker group and drank a number of beers. He saw his doctor that morning, “gouty arthritis” was diagnosed, and some tests were ordered. His serum uric acid level was elevated at 8.0 mg/L (NL7.0 mg/L). The man recalled that his father and his grandfather, both of whom were alcoholics, often complained of joint pain and swelling in their feet. A CASE STUDY : GOUT The doctor recommended that the man use NSAIDs for pain and swelling, increase his fluid intake (but not with alcohol) and rest and elevate his foot. He also prescribed allo