初中全英课程学习-Cell-theory.pptVIP

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初中全英课程学习-Cell-theory.ppt

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* * * * Ch. 2 “Cells”Section 2: “Viewing Cells” Pages 47 - 51 EARLY MICROSCOPES Zacharias Janssen - made 1st compound microscope a Dutch maker of reading glasses (late 1500’s) Leeuwenhoek made a simple microscope (mid 1600’s) magnified 270X Early microscope lenses made images larger but the image was not clear Leeuwenhoeks microscope A) a screw for adjusting the height of the object being examined B) a metal plate serving as the body C) a skewer to impale the object and rotate it D) the lens itself, which was spherical MODERN MICROSCOPES A microscope is simple or compound depending on how many lenses it contains A lens makes an enlarged image directs light towards you eye A simple microscope has one lens Similar to a magnifying glass Magnification is the change in apparent size produced by a microscope COMPOUND MICROSCOPE A compound microscope has multiple lenses (eyepiece objective lenses) STEREOMICROSCOPE creates a 3D image TOTAL MAGNIFICATION Powers of the eyepiece (10X) multiplied by objective lenses determine total magnification. ELECTRON MICROSCOPES More powerful; some can magnify up to 1,000,000X Use a magnetic field in a vacuum to bend beams of electrons Images must be photographed or produced electronically Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Electron microscope image of a spider produces realistic 3D image only the surface of specimen can be observed Electron microscope image of a fly foot Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) produces 2D image of thinly sliced specimen detailed cell parts (only inside a cell) can be observed Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) able to show arrangement of atoms CELL THEORY A theory resulting from many scientists’ observations conclusions ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? Schwann Schleiden Virchow CELL THEORY 1. The basic unit of life is the cell. (Hooke) In 1665, an English scientist na