定语从句讲义(个人精心整理).docxVIP

一．定语从句定义及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的 先行词之后。 2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有 when, where, why 等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A. 引导定语从句 B.代替先行词 ,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分 二．关系代词表格 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working I like those books whose topics are about history. 关 whose 人，物 定语 The boy whose father works abroad is my 系 classmate. 代 A plane is a machine that can fly. 词 主语，宾语 that 人，物 She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. 表语 She is not the person that she used to be The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. which 物 主语，宾语 The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. Who,whom, which 和 that 在从句中做宾语时，常 备 可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略， 注 也不可以用 that 和 who when 时间 状语 I will never forget the days when we spent our holi 关 days together. 系 where 地点 状语 I know a place where we can have a picnic 副 词 1 why 原因 状语 This is the reason why he was fired. 例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） ① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语） ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语） ④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语） ⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语） 三． 6 个关系代词的用法 1）关系代词 that 和 which 的用法 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。 His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets. The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black. ▲ 但在有些情况下，只用 that 1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。 This is the