英语国家概况Chapter课件.pptVIP

英语国家概况Chapter 3;Chapter 3 Government and the Commonwealth ; Political Parties;;British Constitution is made up of: Statutory Law (成文法，制定法) Common Law (判例法，普通法) Conventions (习惯法，衡平法);1.1 Statutory Law passed by Parliament example the Magna Carta (1215) the Bill of Rights (1689) the Reform Act (1832) the European Communities Act (1972) the European Communities (Amendment) Act (1986) ; ;Division of power Legislature 立法机关 Executive 行政部门 Judiciary 司法部门;;2.1 The Legislature;2.1.1 Parliament ;Queen Elizabeth II Born: April 21, 1926 Queen since June 2, 1953 Queen Elizabeth II is a “constitutional monarch” Although she is officially the head of state, the country is actually run by the government and led by the Prime Minister.;Queen Elizabeth II;Buckingham Palace ;In reality, her role is “ceremonial, unpolitical and symbolic”: State opening of the Parliament Royal assent to new law Meeting with the Prime Minister at Buckingham Palace Pay state visits to Commonwealth countries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of the British government;2.1.3 The House of Lords ;2.1.3 The House of Lords;The Upper House Reforms Reduce the number of seats from 705 to 666 (Mar. 1, 2004) Final court of appeal—Supreme Court ;2.1.4 The House of Commons ;646 Members of Parliament, known as “MPs” for short, who represent the 646 geographical areas;Government: Prime Minister, Cabinet ministers 2.2.1 The Prime Minister—powerful leader the leader of the majority party in Parliament controls the Parliament head of the government;;Two branches of law Civil law—defines and enforces the duties or obligations of persons to one another Criminal law—by contrast, defines and enforces the obligations of persons to society as a whole;2.3 The Judiciary;;3.0 Overall Introduction;;;;;3.1 The Conservative Party ;3.2 The Labor Party; Recent Prime Ministers from the left Tony Blair (1997-2006)— “Third Way” ;3.3 The Liberal Democrats;;; 5.1 Origin o