初升高英语衔接班 第13讲 定语从句.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 ☆（十三） 定语从句 关系代词 1．who,whom和whose引导的定语从句 (1)who或whom均可指代人， 但who在从句中作主语或宾语， whom在从句中作宾语； 两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用that替换。 作主语时， who/that不可省略； 作宾语时， whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards.　我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. 我想与你讨论的人是屠呦呦，2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的人。 (2)whose表所属关系， 一般指人，也可指物， 在从句中作定语。 指物时相当于of which; 指人时相当于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生， 放假时商店关门。 2．that,which引导的定语从句 (1)which指物， 在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可， 在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语， 作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 (2)限制性定语从句中， 关系代词只用that不用which的情况： ①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词， 或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some，all等修饰时。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 　这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况： ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。 The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. 这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。 ②当从句中的介词提前， 构成“介词＋关系代词” 结构时。 We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。 3．as引导的定语从句 (1)as可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same＋先行词＋as…”结构中。 Such ma