初升高英语衔接班 第15讲直接引语与间接引语.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 ☆（第十五）直接引语与间接引语 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： John said, Im going to London with my father. 约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况： 1． 直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 He said , You are younger than I.-He said (that ) I was younger than him. 2.直接引语是疑问句时 间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。 （1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers? →She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me , You have seen the film, havent you? →She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. （2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。 I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight? →I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. (3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 He asked , Where do you live? →He asked me where I lived. 3.直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（dont 变为not ）. The teacher said to the boy, Open the window.→The teacher told the boy to open the window. His father said to him , Dont leave the door open.→His father told him not to leave the door open. [注意] （1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如： He said, Lets go to the theatre. →He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. (2) Would you mind opening the window? he asked. →He asked me to open the window. Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked . →he advised me to take a walk after supper. Shall we listen to the music? he asked. →He suggested listening to the music. 4.直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 She said, What a lovely day it is ! →She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化： （1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 He said“I am an