宝马城金代遗址所见垒脊瓦及其相关问题-中国考古.pdf

宝马城金代遗址所见垒脊瓦及其 相关问题 王子奇 赵俊杰 关键词：宝马城遗址  垒脊瓦   《营造法式》  条子瓦  线道瓦  KEYWORDS: Baomacheng Site Ridge Tiles Yingzao Fashi (State Building Standards) Tiaozi Wa (Quartered Roof Tile for Building Ridge) Xiandao Wa (Halved Roof Tile for Building Ridge) ABSTRACT: From the architectural component parts unearthed from the imperial temple remains at Baomacheng Site in Antu County, Jilin Province, some ridge tiles are identified. According to the relevant records in Yingzao Fashi (State Building Standards) of the Song Dynasty, with the references of the extant architectural examples of the Tang, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties and archaeologically unearthed ridge tiles, the making methods of the ridge tiles can be concretely analyzed. The ridge tiles mainly consisted of two types, namely the tiaozi wa (quartered roof tile) and xiandao wa (halved roof tile); seen from the extant cases, they would be produced out of the flat tiles and semi-cylindrical tiles. The ridge-building methods and their evolution process from the Northern Dynasties Period to the Yuan Dynasty showed that the early years of the Yuan Dynasty is the key period for the change of the ridge-building methods from piling the ridge tiles to applying the prefabricated ridge caps. 《营造法式》是北宋时期官订的建筑 文拟从宝马城金代遗址出土的垒脊瓦入手， 专书，历来受到学术界的高度重视，以往对 试对相关问题加以分析。 《营造法式》的研究成果丰富，多集中于大 一、宝马城遗址出土垒脊瓦 木作的相关方面，对小木作、彩画作等方面 也有一定关注。但长期以来，有关《营造法 2014～2016年，在对宝马城金代皇家神 式》瓦作、砖作、石作等部分的研究相对薄 庙遗址进行系列发掘的工作中，出土了两类 弱。近年来，随着历史时期特别是辽宋金元 较为特殊的瓦件，不是一般常见的屋面用筒 时期重要都城和建筑遗址考古工作的开展， 瓦或板瓦。 一批重要考古材料尤其是建筑遗迹和构件陆 一类常见平面呈窄长条形，宽度多在 续刊布，这为我们重新认识和深入研究《营 11～12厘米左右，瓦件弧度较大。瓦背（凸 造法式