病因医疗专业资料课件.ppt

病因医疗专业资料;概 说 outline;中医临床探求病因的方法methods to seek causative factors in TCM 直接询问发病原因 direct inquiring about the factors 辨证求因(审证求因)：以疾病的临床表现为依据，通过对疾病症状和体征的综合分析来推求致病因素。Differentiation according to different syndromes and symptoms ;第一节 外感病因 exogenous factors ;The changes of weathers are relative: 1. 与该地区常年同期气候变化相比，或太过，或不及，或非其时而有其气，或气候变化过于剧烈急骤，此时六气则变为六淫而侵人发病 too much, not enough, abnormal seasonal climate, severe changes of climate in different regions 2. 气候变化作为致病条件，与人体正气的强弱及调节适应能力相对而言，若气候剧变，正气充盛者则可自我调节而不病，正气虚弱之人则可发病；气候正常，个体正气不足，仍可发病，这时对于病人而言，六气即成为致病邪气，所致病证也属六淫致病范畴comparison between vital qi and seasonal change. Vital energy seasonal changes ;六淫的共同特点 common characters of 6 factors;4.combinig：风寒感冒，风热感冒，暑湿感冒，湿热泄泻，风寒湿痹common cold due to wind cold, wind heat, summer-heat and damp, diarrhea due to damp heat, Bi syndrome due to wind, cold and damp;(1)轻扬开泄 ascending and opening (2)善行数变 tends to mobile and change (3)动摇不定 characterized as movement (4)多兼他邪 wind is the leading cause of all other factors;(1)易于侵袭阳位 attacking yang position;(3)肢体异常运动 tends to movement;（二）寒邪 cold factor;(1) 易伤阳气，表现寒象 yin evil tends to impair yang qi;(2) 阻滞气血，多见疼痛 blocking qi and blood;(3) 腠理、经脉、筋脉收缩拘急 cold tends to contract;（三）暑邪 summer heart factor;(1) 表现阳热之象 yang evil is extreme hot;(4) 暑多挟湿 summer-heat is often complicated by dampness; （四）湿邪 damp factor;(1) 易于损伤阳气，tends to impair yang qi;（4）病程缠绵难愈 lingering period of diseases;dirty;（五）燥邪 dry factor;2. 燥邪的致病特点 characters of dry factor;（六）热（火）邪 heat (fire) factor; similarity—阳盛、六淫邪气、致病相同 yang excess, one of six evils, causing similar diseases;(1) 表现阳热之象 hot evil tends to ascending;（3）主要侵犯人体上部 tends to attack upper part;(5) 易扰心神 fire tends to stir heart mind;二、 疫气 pestilence;（一）疫气的性质和致病特点 characters 1. 传染性强，易于流行strong infection and easiness to spread 通过空气和食物传播 spread through air and food 流行区域—无问大小，皆相染易 people will be easily infected no matter the ages or health in the local epide