计算机科学导论 (6).pptVIP

* RFID and Sensor Networks identifier for objects that have it and an internal antenna that receives radio transmissions. RFID readers【读写器】 (also called interrogators【询问器；读写器】) acts like access points for RFID tagged objects which can discover tagged items when they come into a defined interrogation point or range and interrogate them for their information as shown in Figure 6.8. Applications include checking identities, managing the supply chain, timing races, identifying theft, tracking files, tracking assets, tracking people, checking inventory【盘点库存】, access control, protecting electronics, managing livestock, managing contactless payment systems, and replacing barcodes【条形码】. * RFID and Sensor Networks Figure 6.8 RFID used to network everyday objects RFID frequency ranges cover LF (Low Frequencies), HF (High Frequencies), UHF (Ultra-High Frequencies), and SHF (Super-High Frequencies) 【特高频】 * RFID and Sensor Networks UHF RFID is one of the most common forms. It is used in wide range of applications, including drivers’ licenses, shipping pallets [‘p?lit] 【托盘】, and so on. UHF RFID operate at 860-960 MHz frequency bands depending on the country of use. UHF RFID frequency range in China is 840-928 MHz. RFID Reader always transmits encoded radio signals to interrogate【询问】 the tag. Tags communicate at distances of several meters by changing between reflecting reader signals and absorbing them; the reader is able to decode tag signals from tag by filtering out the signal it is transmitting. This kind of operating is known as backscatter【反向散射；逆散射】. * The access points plugs into the wired network, and enables all clients to connect through an access point. There is another mode of operation for IEEE 802.11 which is called an ad hoc network. This mode allows direct communication between the clients that are in radio range, for example, communication between two computers in a building without an access point. However, compared with access point mode, it is used much