亲子鉴定汇总课件.ppt

13 CODIS Core STR Loci with Chromosomal Positions CSF1PO D5S818 D21S11 TH01 TPOX D13S317 D7S820 D16S539 D18S51 D8S1179 D3S1358 FGA VWA AMEL AMEL 第三代DNA遗传标记SNP 主要是指在基因组水平上由单个核苷酸变异所引起的DNA序列多态性。 1、SNP多态性低； 2、SNP分布广泛； 3、SNP遗传稳定； 4、SNP分型容易。 第三节 DNA遗传标记的检测技术 Sample Obtained from Crime Scene or Paternity Investigation Biology DNA Extraction DNA Quantitation PCR Amplification of Multiple STR markers Technology Separation and Detection of PCR Products (STR Alleles) Sample Genotype Determination Genetics Comparison of Sample Genotype to Other Sample Results If match occurs, comparison of DNA profile to population databases Generation of Case Report with Probability of Random Match Steps in DNA Sample Processing Sources of Biological Evidence Blood Semen Saliva Urine Hair Teeth Bone Tissue Blood stain Only a very small amount of blood is needed to obtain a DNA profile DNA in the Cell Target Region for PCR chromosome cell nucleus Double stranded DNA molecule Individual nucleotides Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) the repeat region is variable between samples while the flanking regions where PCR primers bind are constant 7 repeats 8 repeats AATG Homozygote = both alleles are the same length Heterozygote = alleles differ and can be resolved from one another 170 bp 195 bp Different primer sets produce different PCR product sizes for the same STR allele TCAT repeat unit In 32 cycles at 100% efficiency, 1.07 billion copies of targeted DNA region are created PCR Copies DNA Exponentially through Multiple Thermal Cycles Original DNA target region Thermal cycle Thermal cycle Thermal cycle Multiplex PCR Over 10 Markers Can Be Copied at Once Sensitivities to levels less than 1 ng of DNA Ability to Handle Mixtures and Degraded Samples Different Fluorescent Dyes Used to Distinguish STR Alleles with Overlapping Size Ranges An Example Forensic STR Multiplex Kit D3 FGA vWA 5-FAM (blue) D13 D5 D7 NED (yellow) A D8 D21 D18 JOE (green) GS500-internal lane standard ROX (red) AmpFlSTR? Profiler Pl