名词和名词词组.docVIP

第三讲 名词和名词词组 一，名词的分类 classification of nouns Nouns can be classified according to word formation, lexical meaning and grammatical form. 1. Simple, compound and derivative nouns 2. Proper and common nouns 3.Count and non-count nouns 个体名词 boy house tiger 集体名词 family team 可数名词 普通名词 物质名词 air rice 抽象名词 不可数名词 专有名词 二，名词的数 number forms of nouns Number is a grammatical category that indicates the change in the form of nouns and verbs, depending on whether one or more than one is talked about. = 1 \* GB4 ㈠ 规则的复数形式 构成法：一个名词如果表示一个或一样东西，它取单数形式，如pen，dog，church。如果表示两个或两个以上的这类东西，则需要名词的复数形式。构成复数，大多数是在单数形式后加-s或-es，有下面几种情况： 1，在单数形式后直接加-s girl girls hat hats 2，如单数名词以s，x，sh，ch或z结尾，需在后面加-es kiss kisses tax taxes brush brushes watch watches 3，以y结尾的词，变y为I，再加-es lady ladies story stories 如果y前面还有一个元音字母，则直接加-s day days monkey monkeys 4，以o接尾的词，多数加-s demo demos inferno infernos 阴间，地狱 kilo kilos tempo tempos cello cellos memo memos banjo banjos 班卓琴 octavo octavos 八开本 piano pianos canto cantos 篇，章 dynamo dynamos 发电机 tobacco tobaccos solo solos photo photos cameo cameos浮雕贝壳或宝石 ratio ratios 以“元音字母+o”结尾的词，一概加-s curios rodeos bamboos tattoos 但有少数以o结尾的词后要加-es echo, echoes embargo, embargoes jingo, jingoes 沙文主义者 torpedo, torpedoes veto, vetoes hero, heroes Negro, Negroes potato, potatoes mosquito, mosquitoes go, goes no, noes 其他以o结尾的此，一般既可加-s，也可加-es zero, zeros, zeroes halo, halos, haloes 日月周围的光晕 mango, mangos, mangoes motto, tornado, volcano, cargo, buffalo, commando 突击队 5，以f或fe结尾的此，多数直接加-s chief, chiefs reef, reefs 暗礁 cliff, cliffs cuff, cuffs 袖口 roof, roofs fife, fifes 横笛 belief, beliefs safe, safes gulf, gulfs strife, stifes 但有几个名词，需变f为v，再加-es elf, elves leaf, leaves calf, calves thief, thieves shelf, shelves loaf, loaves half, halves life, lives self, selves wife, wives wolf