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- 2019-09-23 发布于湖北
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《论语》 ——八佾篇2016.4.18;
【原文】孔子谓季氏:“八佾舞于庭,是可忍也,孰不可忍也?”
【注释】(1)八佾:行列的意思。古时一佾8人,八佾就是64人,据《周礼》规定,只有周天子才可以使用八佾,诸侯为六佾,卿大夫为四佾,士用二佾。季氏是正卿,只能用四佾。
(2)可忍:可以忍心。
【译文】孔子谈到季氏,说:“他用六十四人在自己的庭院中奏乐舞蹈,这样的事他都忍心去做,还有什么事情不可狠心做出来呢?”
【英文翻译】Confucius said of the head of the Ji family, who had eight rows of pantomimes in his area, If he can bear to do this, what may he not bear to do?
?
;【原文】子曰:“人而不仁,如礼何?人而不仁,如乐何?”
【译文】孔子说:“一个人没有仁德,他怎么能实行礼呢?一个人没有仁德,他怎么能运用乐呢?”
【评析】 乐是表达人们思想情感的一种形式,在古代,它也是礼的一部分。礼与乐都是外在的表现,而仁则是人们内心的道德情感和要求,所以乐必须反映人们的仁德。这里,孔子就把礼、乐与仁紧紧联系起来,认为没有仁德的人,根本谈不上什么礼、乐的问题。
【英文翻译】 The Master said, If a man be without the virtues proper to humanity, what has he to do with the rites of propriety? If a man be without the virtues proper to humanity, what has he to do with music?;
【原文】子曰:“《关睢》,乐而不淫,哀而不伤。”
【注释】《关睢》:这是《诗经》的第一篇。此篇写一君子“追求”淑女,思念时辗转反侧,寤寐思之的忧思,以及结婚时钟鼓乐之琴瑟友之的欢乐。
【译文】孔子说:“《关睢》这篇诗,快乐而不放荡,忧愁而不哀伤。”
【英文翻译】The Master said, The Guan Ju is expressive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully excessive.
;【原文】祭如在,祭神如神在。子曰:“吾不与祭,如不祭。”
【译文】祭祀祖先就像祖先真在面前,祭神就像神真在面前。孔子说:“我如果不亲自参加祭祀,那就和没有举行祭祀一样。”
【英文翻译】He sacrificed to the dead, as if they were present. He sacrificed to the spirits, as if the spirits were present. The Master said, I consider my not being present at the sacrifice, as if I did not sacrifice.;【原文】定公问:“君使臣,臣事君,如之何?”孔子对曰:“君使臣以礼,臣事君以忠。”
【注释】(1)定公:鲁国国君,姓姬名宋,定是谥号。公元前509~前495年在位。
【译文】鲁定公问孔子:“君主怎样使唤臣下,臣子怎样事奉君主呢?”孔子回答说:“君主应该按照礼的要求去使唤臣子,臣子应该以忠来事奉君主。”
【英文翻译】The duke Ding asked how a prince should employ his ministers, and how ministers should serve their prince. Confucius replied, A prince should employ his minister according to according to the rules of propriety; ministers should serve their prince with faithfulness.“
;【原文】子曰:“居上不宽,为礼不敬,临丧不哀,吾何以观之哉?”
【译文】孔子说:“居于执政地位的人,不能宽厚待人,行礼的时候不严肃,参加丧礼时也不悲哀,这种情况我怎么能看得下去呢?”
【评析】?孔子主张实行“德治”、“礼治”,这首先提出了对当政者的道德要求。倘为官执政者做不到“礼”所要求的那样,自身的道德修养不够,那这个国家就无法得到治理。当时社会上礼崩乐坏的局面,已经使孔子感到不能容忍了。
【英文翻译】The Master said, “H
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