GMAT逻辑题之类比推理例题解析.docxVIP

GMAT逻辑题之类比推理例题解析 很多GMAT小白刚上手逻辑对做题的方法比较生疏，其中就包含了类比推理的模式。那么今天就通过例题跟大家分享一下在考试过程中如何搞定类比推理的题目，希望对大家有帮助。 类比推理是指根据两个对象某些相同或相似属性，通过比较类推出它们在其他属性上也相同，从而证明论点的推理方法。所以判断一道题是不是类比推理题包含两个要素：第一是题干叙述中出现了两个相似的项目。第二是叙述中要有相同或者不同的含义。如果用常见的逻辑题分析形式表达即为：前提：A和B相似；条件：A有某个特点；结论：B也有这个特点。而解题方法其实很清晰，如果是增强题，则找两个事物的相同点。如果是削弱题，则找不同点。下面我们来看两个例题： The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a persons lung function, as measured by the amount of air the person can expel in one second. The lung function of smokers is significantly worse, on average, than that of nonsmokers. Clearly, therefore, one way for smokers to improve their lung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals. Which of the following is an assumption on which this argument depends? A Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals. B The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets. C People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function. D Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can. E Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream. 这道题我们发现，问的是前提，即增强类题目。分析一下题干发现，类比的两个对象是吸烟者和非吸烟者的肺功能水平。类比的结果，即我们的结论，是使吸烟者肺功能提升。类比的条件是摄入VM。所以非吸烟者摄入VM能提升肺功能。要使吸烟者摄入VM肺功能也得到提升这个结论成立，必须是吸烟者摄入VM后也能与非吸烟者有同样的效果。这题的正确答案选择E，即吸烟带来的影响不会阻碍这些VM进入血管。这使吸烟者和非吸烟者的类比条件“相同”，能获得同样的效果。因此，我们发现，做增强类的类比推理题，是要使类比的两个对象尽可能地一致（相同）。接下来我们再来看一道削弱类的题目。 In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific Ocean began to decline. Of the two plausible explanations for the decline— increased predation by killer whales or disease—disease is the more likely. After all, a concurrent sharp decline in the populations