环境行为研究.pptVIP

调研步骤 The Steps in a Survey Project  设定课题目标—你想了解什么 确定样本—你去访谈谁 选择采访方式—你怎样去采访 Establish the goals of the project - What you want to learn Determine your sample - Whom you will interview Choose interviewing methodology - How you will interview 设立你的问卷—你要问什么 预验问卷，如可行—测试问题 进行访谈并输入数据—问问题 分析数据—完成报告 Create your questionnaire - What you will ask Pre-test the questionnaire, if practical - Test the questions Conduct interviews and enter data - Ask the questions Analyze the data - Produce the reports 访谈法 Interviewing Methods 个人采访 Personal Interviews 电话采访 Telephone Surveys 信件采访 Mail Surveys 电邮采访 Email Surveys 网络采访 Internet Surveys 问卷设计 Questionnaire Design 问卷是为了从受众中收集信息目的由一系列问题和提示组成一种研究工具。 保持简短 以自我介绍或欢迎词开始（陈述你是谁和你在调查中想知道信息的原因。） A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. KISS - keep it short and simple. Start with an introduction or welcome message. (state who you are and why you want the information in the survey. ) 问题类型：多样选择 从简单到复杂或敏感问题 始终由同意-反对顺序排列选项（优秀-良好-一般-糟糕） 回答选项应包括所有对应选项 确保你的问题能准确传递你想知道的事 Question Types: multiple choice, numeric open end and text open end From easy to difficult or sensitive questions Always present agree-disagree choices in that order (Excellent - Good - Fair – Poor) . include all the relevant alternatives as answer choices. make sure your questions can accurately tell you what you want to learn. 观察 Observation 自然观察是心理学家、行为科学家和社会科学家常用的观察法中的一种，即被观察对象处于其自然状况下的观察。 研究者常采用非介入方式观察以免影响其正常行为。可以是知情观察或非知情观察。 Naturalistic observation is a method of observation, commonly used by psychologists, behavioral scientists and social scientists, that involves observing subjects in their natural habitats. Researchers take great care in avoiding making interferences with the behaviour they are observing by using unobtrusive methods. Objectively, studying events as they occur naturally, without intervention. They ca