乙肝与乙肝病毒讲解课件.pptVIP

Epidemic jaundice described by Hippocrates in 5th century BC Jaundice reported among recipients of human serum and yellow fever vaccines in 1930s and 1940s Australian antigen described in 1965 Serologic tests developed in 1970s;Hepatitis B Virus;200 million carriers worldwide Established cause of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis Human carcinogen - cause of up to 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas ;HBsAg;Hepatitis B Clinical Features;Fulminant hepatitis Hospitalization Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Death;Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection;Risk of Chronic HBV Carriage by Age of Infection;Hepatitis B Epidemiology;Hepatitis B Perinatal Transmission*;High (8%): 45% of global population lifetime risk of infection 60% early childhood infections common Intermediate (2%-7%): 43% of global population lifetime risk of infection 20%-60% infections occur in all age groups Low (2%): 12% of global population lifetime risk of infection 20% most infections occur in adult risk groups;Hepatitis B – United States, 1978-2000;Total infections 80,000/yr Current carriers 1 million New carriers 5,000 Death fulminant hepatitis 200 liver cancer 1,500 cirrhosis 4,000;Age of Infection of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection;Risk Factors for Hepatitis B;Hepatitis B Virus Infection by Duration of High Risk Behavior;;1965 Discovery of Australian antigen 1973 Successful HBV infection of chimpanzees 1981 Licensure of plasma-derived vaccine 1986 Licensure of recombinant vaccine 1991 Universal infant vaccination 1996 Universal adolescent vaccination ;Hepatitis B Vaccine;Hepatitis B Vaccine Formulations;Recommended Dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine;Hepatitis B VaccineLong-term Efficacy;Hepatitis B Vaccine;Hepatitis B Vaccine Recommendations;Indications for Hepatitis B Vaccine; Dose Primary 1 Primary 2 Primary 3 ;Third Dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine;Very Low Birthweight Infants;COMVAX;Hepatitis B VaccineAdolescent