英汉语对比与翻译 幻灯片.ppt

* 语篇:倒金字塔 Topic sentences Supporting details concluding * 语篇生成结构(discourse analysis)(Gen.) P II. 提出问题 主旨句 →主题句（Topic—sentence ） Supporting Details (facts) ①comparison ②contrast ③ Concluding (suggestion) General Introduction/theme P I. 论述 PIII结论 * 英语段落特点： 主题句 支持句1 支持句2 支持句3 支持句4 * 3. 英汉语篇模式差异的原因: 英汉语篇模式的差异同英汉民族思维模式、文化习惯有关。 英美西方传统的哲学强调的是形式,这可以从亚里士多德的《形式逻辑》和17 世纪欧洲理性主义的盛行得到反映。这种哲学观形成了他们重理性、重逻辑和重推理的分析性思维习惯。说话写文章开门见山,直截了当地表明看法,然后加以阐述。 同样,（1）汉民族的思维习惯深受中国传统哲学的影响。中国三大哲学即儒家,道家和佛教都主张“悟性”和顿悟。这种哲学思想对中国人重领悟,重言外之意,重含蓄的思维方式形成起很大影响 * 2）另一方面, 封建专制的统治和历代的文字狱,也使人们养成说话写文章不敢直言已述, 不敢一开始就明白无误地表明自己看法的习惯。 3）从修辞角度来看,汉语更强调的是“画龙点睛”的效果,即文章结尾点明要旨。 （4）母语的影响是最明显的因素。我们知道汉语文章多呈读者负责型,中心思想句往往隐而不现,或往往在文章结束处,呈典型的归纳型结构 * 4、写作实践：注重语篇意识 螺旋型思维模式对中国大学生英语作文语篇组织的影响。中国人的思维方法是环行的，先以一件小事开始入手慢慢展开，然后围饶着主题一圈一圈地转，最后再总结概括全文。生在英语作文的组织与发展上常常发生“负迁移”的错误。比如： 例文1): *  英语语篇的基本要求： 统一性（unity） 完整性(completeness) 连贯性(coherence) 英、汉语思维模式对比： * 例文1):螺旋型与学生作文 Uncle Cheng is one of my fathers close friends. One day he became ill and bought some medicine from a drug store. After eating the medicine, he didnt recover from his illness, instead, he became more seriously ill and nearly died. Why? It was because he bought the fake medicine. If peoples lives are threatened by fake com-modities, the whole society will be in disorder. Of course, only those people who sell fake commodities will benefit from them. From this we can see that fake com-modities are extremely harmful. Therefore, its very important for us to make joint efforts to do away with them. * 例文2)直线型思维模式与英语作文: Fake commodities cause many harms to the con-sumers and the society as well. First, fake commodities damage the consumers interests. Besides, they also harm the credit of business because con-sumers will also distrust the shops that sell genuine commodities. And thus. they harm the whole society. Worst of all, they will bring about potential dangers because using fake commodities of inferior qual