四六级作文第三讲段落的展开.pptVIP

* 四、（1） 段落基本概念 （2）段落的展开方式 段 落 的 构 成 四六级作文段落具体要求及类型: 1)? a. 描述某一现象 (如: 伪劣商品) b. 原因分析 c. 解决的途径 (2) a. 阐述某一共知的道理 (如: 诚信的重要) b. 说明道理 c. 总结 (3) a. 提出看法及其理由 (如: 报考何专业) b. 事物描述 c. 条件说明 (4) a. 说明目的 (如: 竞选学生会主席) b. 涉及本人, 作出选择并说明理由 段落基本要素 段落主题句 主题句是概括说明段落中心思想或主要内容的核心句子。是构成英语段落的重要手段。主题句既可以帮助作者不偏离段落主题, 也可以使读者迅速了解段落大意。 例：If a person expects to do things successfully, he should first of all have confidence. A person who has confidence will be courageous enough to face the obstacles or drawback that stand in his way. Surely, one can hardly accomplish anything if he has doubt about his ability in whatever he does. When one’s confidence is shaken, he tends to become discouraged and depressed when tackling a problem, and chances are that he may fail to do what he could. In contrast, a person who never loses heart will succeed in what seems impossible. 此段的第一句即是主题句。指出 “成功必须要有自信心”。而该主题句的内涵（为什么自信心往往可以决定成败）则由该段其它句子来进一步说明。 主题句的结构 主题句由两个部分构成；一部分是Topic (指该段要讨论的话题)，另一部分称为 Controlling Idea (围绕话题待展开的内容)。例如： (1) It is generally acknowledged that smoking is harmful to our health. (2) A person is sure to suffer a great deal from loneliness if he/she has few friends in the world. 主题句的确认： 简便的方法就是针对句子用Why? (待解释) 和How? (待描述)设问，如果能够解答，则可基本认定为主题句。如果难以解答，或答案很荒谬，则不是主题句。例如： Wealth is very important in one’s life. (why? 可解答) Happiness does not mean the same to different people. (how? 可解答) The lady is my mother. (why? How? 均不好解答) 如何展开段落(主题句的拓展方式) 1、设问法 In old Chinese societies, marriages used to be arranged by parents and a red-lady?(go-between).??(How?) The arbitrary arrangement was based on wealth, profession and the birth-date.?Both the bride and the bridegroom would not see each other until the wedding day,?and after that the couple had to spend their lives together without regret or divorce. Most of us?believe that