中国水土重金属污染的防治对策-中国环境科学.PDFVIP

中国环境科学 2012,32(2) ：373~376 China Environmental Science 中国水土重金属污染的防治对策 傅国伟* (清华大学环境学院,北京 100084) 摘要： 目前我国水土重金属污染的形势严重.现行执法的依据《污水综合排放标准》体现了对持久蓄积性污染物实行封闭零排放的原则精 神.但目前从水质的监测评价到污染物的削减控制过程中,存在着一系列背离和混淆二类污染物排放标准和控制要求的问题.为扭转当前我 国水土重金属严重污染,首要的应从端正环境保护系统的技术路线开始,并阐述了其技术要点;同时还提出对 5 种重点重金属实施独立的环 境保护立法,才能保证源头严控超量排放技术路线的实施. 关键词：水土重金属严重污染；技术路线；源头控制；环境保护专项司法 中图分类号：X52,X53 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2012)02-0373-04 * Countermeasures for water and soil heavy metal pollution in China. FU Guo-wei (School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China). China Environmental Science, 2012,32(2)：373~376 Abstract ：The water and soil heavy metal pollution is very serious in China. The integrated wastewater discharge standard is the legal basis for water environment management reflecting the principle of zero discharge for the persistent accumulative pollutants. But from water quality monitoring and evaluation to pollutant cut, there exists a series of problems of violation and confusion of the discharge standards and control requests for the two types of pollutants in the standard. To control the water and soil heavy metal pollution, the technical routes of the environmental protection system should be corrected and the technical details were given in this paper. It also put forward that the independent laws should be enacted perceptively for the 5 key heavy metals to ensure implementation of the technical route of source control of excessive discharge. Key words ：serious water and soil heavy metal pollution；technical route ；source control；special environmental judicature 目前,我国水土的重金属污染非常严重.2006 染的重金属中以镉和砷的比例最多,约均占 40%, 年前,环境保护部曾对 30 万 hm2 的基本农田保护 南方较密集[4]. 区土壤中的重金属抽测了 3.6 万 hm2,重金属超标 《2009 年中