第二章骨密度测量的基础知识与工作原理2012.pptVIP

* * The definitions are based on the ISO standards. Accuracy is a function of both trueness and precision. Previously, accuracy was often used interchangeably with trueness for collections of measurements. The ISO standards change this usage. * Accuracy is important for diagnosis. Inaccurate measurements will over- or under-estimate the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis. * This describes what is involved in determining accuracy. The process is not easy and has its own error; thus, determining accuracy is an estimate at best. Ash weight may be slightly inaccurate because of, contamination, loss of ash, etc. * This describes what is involved in determining accuracy. The process is not easy and has its own error; thus, determining accuracy is an estimate at best. Ash weight may be slightly inaccurate because of, contamination, loss of ash, etc. * When you know how precise your measurements are, you will know the smallest change that can be detected with confidence. For example, if your precision is poor (4%) or unknown, then you won’t know if a 2.5% “difference” in BMD at follow-up is a real effect of treatment or simply random measurement error. * Trueness is more important for diagnosis whereas precision is more important for monitoring. * The slide shows precision and accuracy errors as %CV. With central DXA precision is better than accuracy. * The slide shows precision and accuracy errors as %CV. With peripheral DXA accuracy is better than central DXA because less soft tissue. * Because QUS does not measure BMD, there is no agreement on how best express precision and accuracy with QUS. * * For measurement of the spine there are two techniques: DXA and QCT For measurement of the hip there is only one technique: DXA * Central DXA is the standard to which everything else is compared. This is because it is the technique about which the most is known. It has the excellent precision (1% CV at spine) It has low radiation dose (Effective does: 1 ?Sv) It has