定语从句与同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 定语从句与同位语从句、强调句的区别 一、定语从句 1. 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出 现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which； 关系副词有：when, where, why。 2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 （1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意 思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。 例：This is the boy who broke the window. （2）非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主 句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。 例：I, who am your friend, will share the work with you. 3. 非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”： （1）非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。 （2）非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which 代替。 例：I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 由“介词+关系代词”引导时，关系代词不能用as。 指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom，不能省略。 4. 在定语从句中，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which: （1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词、数词等几种词修饰或被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等修饰时。 例：This is the best film that I have ever read. （2）先行词为all, much, little, none, few, one, something, everything, anything等不定代词时。　 例：He told me everything that he knows. 先行词中既有人又有物时。 例：He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. 先行词在主句中作表语或关系词在定语从句中作表语时。 例：The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时；或者句中已经有who或which，为了避免重复时。　　 例：Which are the books that you bought for me ? 5. 其他注意事项 （1）当the way做先行词时，只用that, in which或不用关系词。 例：What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. （2）在限制性定语从句中，名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as不能用which。 例：Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. （3）在非限制性定语从句中，as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，像”的含义，可以 放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 例：They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. 6. 定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象 定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句。在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，阅读时要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。 （1）在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think, I suppose, I guess, I imagine等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入 语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。 例：He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of importance to science . （2）在先行词与定语从