清代山东周村镇的商业-中国人民大学清史研究所.pdf

·103 · 　　　　　　史 　学 　月 　刊 　　　　　　　　　　　 2007 年 　　第 8 期 清代山东周村镇的商业 许 　檀 (南开大学 中国社会史研究中心 ,天津 30007 1) [ 关键词] 周村 ;商业 ;关帝庙 ;集资 [ 摘 　要] 周村是清代山东著名商镇之一 。其兴起在康熙 - 乾隆年间 ,清代中叶迅速发展 。云集周村的 各省客商中 ,北方商人以晋商势力最强 ,南方商人则以福建为多 。道光年间汇聚周村的商人商号可达八九 百家乃至千家 。周村从南方输入的商品主要是绸缎 、杂货 ,在本地集散的商品则有棉布 、生丝 、丝绸 、茧绸 等 。清中叶以降 ,周村开始从单纯的商业中心向加工制造业中心转化 ,其所产棉布 、丝绸不仅 占领了东北 、 华北的广大农村市场 ,且有一部分打入城市市场 。 [ 中图分类号] K249 ; K129 (52) = 49 　[ 文献标识码] A 　[文章编号] 058302 14 (2007) 080 10306 On the Commerce of Zhoucun Town in Shandong Province in the Qing Dynasty XU Tan ( ) Center of Chi nese S oci al H is tory , N ank ai Uni vers ity , Ti anj i n 30007 1 , Chi na Key words :Zhoucun ; commerce ; Guandi Temple ; rai se money Abstract :Zhoucun wa s one of t he famou s commercial town s in Shandong Province . It ro se during t he p erio d of Kangxi and Qianlong year s , and p ro sp ered in t he middle of t he Qing Dyna st y . Among t he merchant s f rom many p rovinces , t he st rongest ones in Nort h came f rom Shanxi , and t he mo st numerou s in Sout h came f rom Fuj ian . The conver ged com mercial firm s during Dao guang year s were estimat ed to eight or nine hundreds , or even to one t hou sand . In Zhoucun , t he goods import ed from t he Sout h mainly were satin s and groceries , and t he goods t hat collect ed and di st ribut ed t here were cotton , silk , satin s , and so on . Aft er t he middle of t he Qing Dynast y , Zhoucun began to change f rom t he cent er of commerce to t he cent er of manufact ure . The cotton clot h , silk , and satin s t hat Zhoucun