Chap31-OpticDif（大学物理美国英文版）.pptVIP

* Chapter 31 Diffraction and Polarization Diffraction of Light Diffraction Gratings X-Ray Diffraction Polarized Light When the slip wider, light travels in straight line. 31-1. Diffraction of Light (P703) 1. Diffraction (衍射) by a single slit screen shadow screen When the slip gets narrow, the light produce a diffraction pattern on the screen. When monochromatic (单色) light from a distant source passes through a narrow slit or obstacle —— produces a diffraction pattern (光能绕过障碍物的边缘传播形成具有明暗相间的衍射图样) is called diffraction of light (P703). Condition of diffraction: the width of slit (dimension of barrier) is similar to the wavelength a ～λ 波传到的任何一点都是子波的波源，各次级子波在空间某点的相干叠加，就决定了该点波的强度。 Hugens-Fresnel’s principle Recalling: The method discussing location of diffraction pattern for a single-slit diffraction is called fresnel’ half-wave-zone method (半波带). 2. Locating the diffraction bands (P704) * S f f ? a L? L · A B slit a E O δ ? ? P Path difference of A→P B→P: screen Lens doesn’t produce additional light-path difference. Two half-wave-zones can be gotten, and P is first dark fringe (out of phase pairs rays) In a single-slit diffraction experiment, dark fringes are produced where the path length differences (a sin q) between the top and bottom rays are equal to l, 2l, 3l,. central bright (中央明纹) first dark fringe (ii) (i) first bright fringe a P ? 屏幕 screen (iii) Conclusion: opposite to the condition of interference pattern Angular-width(角宽度): For central bright fringe: Linear-width: when a ?1:半角宽度 —— half of the central width. 其他明纹宽度为中央明纹宽度的一半 For 1-order dark fringe, Similarly, for 2-order dark fringe, Position of 1th dark fringe一级暗纹坐标 Position of 2th dark fringe Width of each order of bright fringes: Solution: A slit 1.00 mm wide is illuminated by light of ?= 589 nm. We see a diffraction pattern on a screen 3.00 m away. What is the distance between the first two diffraction minima on the same side of central diffraction maximum? The separation of the two minima is: