微生物-第8章-微生物的生态-2微生物生态学方法.ppt

* * * * * * Information on total number and viability | the principle (two dyes) | not suitable for environmental samples The problems with small cells | difficult to differentiate.. | unable to assess the genetic diversity: easy to be fooled, the old adage | thus, although.. It must be supplemented with culturable and molecular tools * The ME concept | the two areas | this chapter explores the methodology of ME | these methods include.. Studies on microbial communities raise questions about their composition, structure and stability and about the activity and function of their individual members. Traditional microbiological techniques The field of microbial ecology is evolving rapidly. Critical to this evolution is the proper application of the ever-expanding toolbox of molecular microbiological methods. First, the development of a coherent phylogeny for the microbial world has provided a logical way to dissect communities. Second, the application of molecular techniques to microbial ecology has reduced our dependence on cultivation and revealed enormous diversity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. Studies on microbial communities raise questions about their composition, structure and stability and about the activity and function of their individual members. Traditional microbiological techniques and conventional microscopy are insufficient means to answer these questions. Most of the bacteria in natural samples cannot be detected by conventional microscopy.. Fluoresent dyes.. * * Spread on agar plates containing Ampicillin; Each colony contains a plasmid bearing one genomic DNA fragment * FN390896 技术经过了30年的不断发展与完善，现在已经可以对长达1,000bp的DNA片段进行测序了，而且对每一个碱基的读取准确率高达99.999%。在高通量基因组鸟枪法测序操作当中，使用Sanger测序法的费用大约为0.5美元/1,000个碱基。 * The phylogenetic software package ARB (latin: arbor, tree) has been developed for more than 10 years at the Technical University Munich * * * * * i.e. genetic fingerprinting of microbial communities or genetic fingerprinting techniques for pr