跨文化交际第四章集体主义vs个人主义.pptVIP

All cultures must ask and answer the following question: To what extent should people pursue their own individual activities and agendas rather than contributing to the success and well-being of the larger group, such a family, neighborhood, clan, team, or company? Individualistic culture believes that people are supposed to take care of themselves and remain emotionally independent of groups, organizations, or other collectivities. Self-emphasis is important, even in building friendships. 2. Collectivism-Oriented Societies Collectivist culture emphasizes the ingroup, such as the organization or the extended family. Collectivists value harmony and avoid direct confrontation. They emphasize building relationships with other through rituals and politeness, and task accomplishment becomes an indirect or secondary goal. * * Main Points 1) Individualism-collectivism 2) Individual-Oriented Societies 3) Collectivism-Oriented Societies 4 ) How to make the two work together Individualism-collectivism Individualism— being different Collectivism—how much you can do for the group you are in Some countries, such as the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and the Netherlands, place a high value on individualism. There cultures emphasize the worth and dignity of the individual over the group, independence rather than interdependence, and relatively few social obligations. Everybody is trying to be different from the others in the team or clan; Personal goals are over the group goals; People place the worth and dignity of the individual over the group. Other cultures, such as Japan and China, tend to emphasize the larger group. These cultures encourage people to put the interest of the group above their own, maintain strong ties and obligations to group members, and value long-term social relationships above short-term accomplishments. 1. Individual-Oriented Societies Individuals can do whatever they want, and their “freedo