英语语法-句子结构-五大简单句3页.docVIP

句子结构-五大简单句 Teaching Aims: 1) to know the sentence structures in English; 2) to know the different functions of different parts in the sentence. 简单句的五种基本句型 1. 主语+谓语 S+V 2. 主语+谓语+宾语 S+V+O 3. 主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补 S+V+O+C 4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物) S+V+O+O 5. 主语+系动词+表语 S+LV+P 英语句子当中的成分分为： 主、谓、宾、定、状、补 六类。 宾语：表示动词的对象、承受者或后果。 定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 状语：句子重要修饰成分，是谓语的另一个附加成分，附加在谓语中心语 补语：起补充说明作用的部分，作用对象是主语和宾语，具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能。 1. 主语S+谓语Vi(不及物动词) I see. I’ll try. Time flies. He can swim. Who knows? That depends. Everybody smiled. Water flows. The children are playing. Tim is sleeping. She is crying. He is reading. It’s snowing. 该句型中的动词为不及物，不及物动词词义自身完全，不需要宾语补足其意义，但有些动词词义必须由一个状语（不能没有状语）进行补充。 Birds sing beautifully. He reads loudly. He went on holiday. We go for a walk. They sit under the tree. Your sister dances beautifully. Jim and Tom study together every day. She swims like a fish. Her lecture lasted an hour. She is studying hard at the university. There be句型也属于这一结构。There本身无词义常弱读，其后的动词be具有”存在”之义，所以是一实意动词。 There is a telephone in that room. There was a concert last night. 2. 主语S+谓语Vt(及物动词)+宾语(O) 这里的谓语为及物动词或者相当于一个及物动词的短语动词。 2.1 主语+谓语+名词（代词） We love our country. I like music. I saw her. Jane’s looking after the children. He knows everything. He loves poetry. 2.2 主语+谓语+动名词 She loves window shopping. I enjoy living here. Jane’s looking after the children. I prefer standing. 2.3 主语+谓语+不定式 I want to help him. He decided to leave. We’re expecting to see you soon. I pretended to be cheated. Soon he went to sleep. 2.4 主语+谓语+反身代词 I can’t express myself in English. Now I’ll introduce myself. I can support myself. 2.5 主语+谓语+that引导的宾语从句 I guess we’ll leave now. I don’t think (that) he is right. I heard that you’re back. 2.6 主语+谓语+连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句 I don’t know what to do. Do you underst