二进制编码的十进制码.ppt

* 2 Number Systems, Operations, and Codes * Contents Number Systems: Decimal Numbers Binary Numbers Hexadecimal Numbers Binary Arithmetic Code Systems (the principal focus) Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) 2-1 2-2 Number Systems (数制） a. Decimal Number System(十进制） 143.75=1*102+4*101+3*100+7*10-1+5*10-2 D= ? ki10i b. Binary Number System（二进制） (101.11)2=1*22+0*21+1*20+1*2-1+1*2-2=(5.75)10 D= ? ki2i D= ? kiNi N=Weight(权） （自学） 幂的读法 2-3 Decimal-to-Binary Conversion 情况一：十进制整数 （Whole-Number Conversions) 方法：十进制整数除以2，直到商为0，余数 即为二进制数。 Repeated Division-by-2 Method: Divide the decimal number by 2 until the quotient is 0.Remainders form the binary number. * （自学） 解：根据上述原理，可将(37)D按如下的步骤转换为二进制数 由上得 (37)D=(100101)B 例： 将十进制数(37)D转换为二进制数。 思考：当十进制数较大时，有什么方法使转换过程简化? 解：由于27为128，而133－128=5=22＋20， 例： 将(133)D转换为二进制数 所以对应二进制数b7=1，b2=1，b0=1，其余各系数均为0，所以得 (133)D=B * 2-3 Decimal-to-Binary Conversion 情况二：十进制小数 （Fractional-Number Conversions) 方法：十进制小数乘以2，直到小数部分为0或直到达到所需的小数位数。 Multiply each resulting fractional part of the product by 2 until the fractional product is 0 or until the desired number of decimal places is reached. Carries produce the binary number. 举例: 1. P22 0.39×2 = 0.78 b-1= 0 0.78×2 = 1.56 b-2= 1 0.56×2 = 1.12 b-3= 1 0.12×2 = 0.24 b-4= 0 0.24×2 = 0.48 b-5= 0 0.48×2 = 0.96 b-6 = 0 0.96×2 = 1.92 b-7 = 1 0.92×2 = 1.84 b-8 = 1 0.84×2 = 1.68 b-9 = 1 0.68×2 = 1.36 b-10= 1 所以 例 将十进制小数(0.39)D转换成二进制数,要求其误差不大于2-10 * 2-4 Binary Arithmetic (二进制的算术运算） Binary addition (二进制加法） The four basic rules for adding binary digits(bits) are as follows: 0+0=0 Sum of 0 with a carry of 0 和为0，进位为0 0+1=1 Sum of 1 with a carry of 0 1+0=1 Sum of 1 with a carry of 0 1+1=10 Sum of 0 with a carry of 1 carry Ex: Add 1010 and 0101. 2-4 Binary Arithmetic (二进制的算术运算） Binary Subtraction(二进制减法) 0-0=0 1-1=0 1-0=1 10-1=1 0-1 with a bo