科技英语——冶金工程专业.docxVIP

Unit One Before Reading 1. Look up the following words and terms in your dictionary: extractive metallurgy, pyrometallurgy hydrometallurgy electrometallurgy electromotive series 2. Main idea Extractive metallurgy is concerned with the extraction of metals from ores or concentrates. It embraces the occurrence of metals, ore concentration, extraction and refining of metals, and ends with final casting of the metal ingot and by-products. In the extractive metallurgy, the method of treatment may be broadly classified in pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and electrometallurgy. The metals obtained by the first treatment of the ores generally contain impurities. In order to attain a higher order of purity, further refining is necessary on the crude metal. Text Extractive Metallurgy?(1) Metals are derived from ore mined from deposits which are confined to certain areas of the earth’s crust. The geologist’s discovery of ore and the raising of ore from the mine give the metallurgical industry its raw material, The function of extractive metallurgy is to process these ores, extract the metal and refine it. Between the mining of the ore and casting of the metal ingot for delivery to the fabricating industries, a large number of specialized operations have to be performed. The first stage in metallurgical practice will, in most cases, be a process of ore concentration designed to separate, by mechanical means, as much as possible of the non-metallic gangue material from the mineral matter so that a concentrate of rich material may be available to the subsequent processes of extraction.?(2) The mechanical operations necessary to separate the mineral from the gangue are known as mineral dressing. Their use and the variety of method adopted have increased greatly in recent years and, in fact, the modern output of metals would not be possible without the improved techniques devised to aid in concentrating both high-and low-grade raw materials. For example, the introduction of