ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part I.PPTVIP

Features of modern OS Provide a user interface Organize files on disk Allocating resource to different users with security control Co-ordinate programs to work with devices and other programs Linux User Interface Traditional Linux (Unix also) uses command-driven interface (or text-based interface) User needs to type lines of command to instruct the computer to work, similar to DOS Advantage: fast in speed. Very few resource is required for its implementation Disadvantages: user needs to type, hence can easily make error. Besides, user needs to memorize all commands Suitable for expert users and for the systems that interaction with user is not frequent, such as servers ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part I 2. Operating System Case Study: Linux Linux File System Structure root / bin boot dev etc home lib lost+found mnt opt proc root sbin tmp usr var fd hd hd … group passwd dlun guest bin lib local According to the File System Standard (FSSTND) proposed in 1994, every LINUX system should contain a set of standard files and directories file directories ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part I 2. Operating System Case Study: Linux Root Directory ( / ) Top of the file system. Similar to \ in DOS /bin Contain the binary (executable code) of most essential Linux commands, e.g. bash, cat, cp, ln, ls, etc. /boot Contain all the files needed to boot the Linux system, including the binary of the Linux kernel. E.g., on Red Hat Linux 6.1, the kernel is in /boot/vmlinux-2.2.5-15 file /dev Contain the special files for devices, e.g. fd0, hd0, etc. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part I 2. Operating System Case Study: Linux /etc Contain host-specific files and directories, e.g. information about system configuration /etc/passwd This file contains login information of users in the system For every user, one line of record is stored in the following format: login_name : dummy_or_encrypted_password : user_ID : group_ID : user_info : home_directory : login_shell ENG224 INFORMATI