非限定性定语从句(上课).pptVIP

Grammar Non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 概念：非限制性定语从句用来对先行词补充说明，没有它，主句也能独立存在，非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开；翻译时常翻译成两个句子。 Compare the two sentences in the same group and find the difference. 第一组 The old man has a son, who is in the army. The old man has a son who is in the army. 第二组 My younger brother who is 18 years old is a college student. My younger brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student. 第三组 Jim doesn’t like to ask questions which make his teacher angry. Jim doesn’t like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry. 第一组 The old man has a son, who is in the army. The old man has a son who is in the army. 第二组 My younger brother who is 18 years old is a college student. My younger brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student. 第三组 Jim doesn’t like to ask questions which make his teacher angry. Jim doesn’t like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别： 一：在句中作用不同 限对先行词有限定制约作用，不可省去，否则句意不完整。 非限起补充作用，可省去，句意仍然完整。 二：外在表现形式不同 非限用逗号隔开 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us Chinese???? 你还记得教我们语文的那个女孩吗?2.Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.??? 张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。三：先行词内容有所不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词可以为一个句子，此时要用which来引导 例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.??? 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。??? 析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导定语从句。 四：关系词的使用情况有所不同 （1）that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。??? 误: He didnt pass the exam, that disappointed me.??? 正: He didnt pass the exam, which disappointed me.使用非限制性定语从句时如果先行词指人，则用who, whose，which等；如果先行词指物要用which；先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用when或者where引导。 ??? 例 1. Well graduate in July, when we will be free.??? 我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。??? 例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held.??? 他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。 （2）关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不行。 例 1. This is the girl whom (who)I met in the street.??? 这是