艾比湖干涸湖底化学组成及盐尘的风运堆积.pdf

中国环境科学 2009,29(2) ：157~162 China Environmental Science 艾比湖干涸湖底化学组成及盐尘的风运堆积 刘东伟 1,2,吉力力⋅阿不都外力 1*,穆桂金 1,徐俊荣 1 (1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011；2. 中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049) 摘要：选择亚洲中部典型干涸尾闾湖——艾比湖干涸湖底及其下风向约 200km 的范围为研究区,并把研究区分为干涸湖底风蚀区和盐尘扩 散堆积区两个子区.通过对两子区连续多年野外实地观测、采样分析、定点试验等手段,研究了干涸湖底表层沉积物的化学组成、湖底风 蚀动态和盐尘的扩散堆积规律.结果表明,艾比湖干涸湖底不同地表形态(结晶盐壳、盐-淤泥-黏土壳、风蚀堆积壳) 间可溶性盐含量差异显 著,盐类混合物中以硫酸盐和氯化物为主,二者基本占全部可溶性盐的 90%,碳酸盐含量甚微.春秋两季是湖底风蚀和盐碱尘暴的高发期,盐 分堆积动态与风期变化一致,春、秋两季大风期,降尘中盐通量最高;冬、夏两季降尘中盐通量较低.干涸湖底下风向盐尘的堆积强度以精河 为中心分别向西北和东北方向递减,盐尘在风运过程中表现出显著的分异规律,硫酸盐比氯化物具有更远距离的迁移能力. 关键词：干旱区；干涸湖底；风蚀；盐尘 中图分类号：X141 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2009)02-0157-06 Chemical components and transport mechanics of wind-erodible playa sediments, Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang. LIU Dong-wei1,2 1* 1 1 , JILILI Abudu-waili , MU Gui-jin , XU Jun-rong (1.Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China ；2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China). China Environmental Science, 2009,29(2)：157~162 Abstract ：Severe salt dust storms in north-western Xinjiang became frequent with the desiccation of the Ebinur Lake, and caused severe ecological consequences. With the intention of reducing the dust, the chemical composition of some main soils/sediment surfaces in the primary dust production zone were examined and the transport of aqueous-soluble solutes in dust were investigated. Sulfate and chloride were main evaporite minerals in the 0~5cm layer of surface crusts on the lake bottom. The content of aqueous-soluble solutes in aeolian dust showed a significant interaction with dust trap location and time of collection. Wind erosion of the lake bed and salt dust storm occurred frequently in the spring and autumn; dust collectors on the near-dust sour