三层楼电梯PLC控制系统设计与调试45930.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 2 前 言?????在常规自动控制系统中，传感器和执行器是独立接线的，多个传感器和执行器构成的系统需要大量导线。通信总线使用到测控系统中，不仅能节省大量的导线，而且可提高系统的可靠性。已被广泛采用的工业总线一般有两类。一类为主从结构方式，如RS-485通讯，该通讯总线在工业控制中已得到广泛使用，其通讯方式为命令—响应方式。主机定时向各子控制器发出查询信号，再由各子控制器汇报各自状态。这种通讯方式开发难度较小，但通讯实际耗费了主控制器相当一部分资源。所以此种方式并未能完全地发挥出主控制器强大的运算功能。另一类为各节点自主通讯方式，如欧姆龙公司、三菱公司的CAN总线，NEWLIFT公司的LONWORKS总线等。这类总线的可靠性和通讯速率和前一种有着本质的提高，但成本相对较贵。 现代社会中，电梯已经成为不可缺少的运输设备。电梯的存在使得每幢高层建筑的交通更为便利。电梯控制技术的发展主要经历了三个阶段：继电器控制阶段，微机控制阶段，现场总线控制阶段。  和其它几种现场总线比较而言，CAN总线是最易实现，价格最为低廉的一种，这也是目前CAN总线在众多领域被广泛采用的原因。CAN总线协议是建立在国际标准组织开放系统互联模型基础上的。作为工业控制的底层网络，CAN总线通波特率可高达1Mbps，最远距离可达l0km；通讯采用短帧结构，使得数据传输的时间短，受干扰的几率低，并且CAN总线协议有良好的检错措施，因此CAN总线通讯的可靠性较高。由于CAN总线的安全性，实时性，简单易操作性和价格低廉，使其十分适合在电梯通讯中使用。目前电梯井道系统中，主要采用并行通讯，上行、下行电缆比较多，现场安装调试比较麻烦。采用CAN总线后，通过串行通信方式，构成控制器局域网，仅用四根线，其中两根为电源线，一根信号发送线，一根信号接收线，实现呼梯、内选及显示信号的通信，并为进一步实现多台电梯群控、远程监控、楼宇自动化提供便利接口。 目 录 前 言 摘 要····································································2 绪 论····································································3 0.1选题背景·································································3 0.2方案的比较和论证 ·······················································3 第1章 电梯概述·····························································4 1.1电梯的发展简史···························································4 1.1.1电梯的起源·····························································4 1.1.2电梯技术发展趋势·······················································5 1.2电梯的基本结构···························································6 1.3电梯的类型 ······························································9 第2章 可编程控制器简介·····················································10 2.1 PLC的特点·······························································10 2.2 PLC控制电梯的优点·······················································10 第3章 三层楼电梯PLC控制系统设计···········································11 3.1 电梯的控制要求·························································11 3.2 PLC型号选择·····························································12 3.3电梯