各种轴承的基本原理-结构形式介绍.ppt

* SKF可靠性维护学院 * B-1 What is a Bearing Used for? ? Bearings are an essential component in almost all machinery. Their main functions are to provide location and support for the moving parts, while ensuring the minimum of friction under all conditions of load and speed. SKF Reliability Maintenance Institute * B-2 Rolling and Sliding Friction ? There is a big difference between rolling and sliding friction: Sliding friction (such as in a plain bearing) is many times greater than the rolling friction that is found in the rolling element bearing. The principle is demonstrated by the effort required to move the packing case using rollers compared to sliding it. It requires much less effort to move the load on the rollers than to slide it. Even today, heavy loads are sometimes moved short distances by placing them on rollers. ? Plain bearings consist of a cylindrical bushing within which the shaft rotates. They can be found in very heavily loaded applications and applications where relative movement is small. High-speed plain bearings require high-pressure oil supplies. SKF Reliability Maintenance Institute * B-3 Component Parts of a Ball Bearing ? The most common rolling element bearing is the deep groove ball bearing. Its component parts are typical of almost all rolling bearings consisting of an inner ring, a ball set contained by a cage, and an outer ring. The rings and balls are made of very high-quality carbon-chrome steel that have been hardened and tempered to achieve maximum performance in service. The cages are made of differing materials, depending on the application requirements and the economics of production. Seals and shields are an optional extra on many DGBB. SKF Reliability Maintenance Institute * B-4 Roller and Ball Raceway Contact ? The difference between the two basic families of rolling bearings is in the contact area of the rolling element, i.e. balls have point contact and rollers line contact. Stress levels in the be