氢氧化钾活化烟杆制造活性炭及表征.docxVIP

氢氧化钾活化烟杆制造活性炭及表征张利波，彭金辉，涂建华，张世敏，范兴祥（昆明理工大学材料与冶金工程学院，昆明 650093）摘 要：以烟杆为原料，氢氧化钾为活化剂，采用一步炭化法制备了活性炭。采用正交实验研究了对活性炭得率 氢氧化钾活化烟杆制造活性炭及表征 张利波，彭金辉，涂建华，张世敏，范兴祥 （昆明理工大学材料与冶金工程学院，昆明 650093） 摘 要：以烟杆为原料，氢氧化钾为活化剂，采用一步炭化法制备了活性炭。采用正交实验研究了对活性炭得率 和吸附性能的影响的主要因素，得到了最佳工艺条件，所制活性炭碘吸附值为 1198.27 mg/g，亚甲基蓝吸附值为 国家一级品标准的 3 倍。还测定了该活性炭的氮吸附等温线，通过 H-K 方程和密度函数理论表征了活性炭的孔结 构，其结果与电子探针和透射电镜分析的活性炭微观结构相一致。 关键词：活性炭；氢氧化钾；孔径分布；吸附 中图分类号：TQ 424.1；S 795 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2006）04–0415–05 Production and characterization of activated carbon from tobacco stems by potassium hydroxide activation ZHANG Libo，PENG Jinhui，TU Jianhua，ZHANG Shimin，FAN Xingxiang (School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093) Abstract：A series of activated carbons were prepared from tobacco stems as raw materials and potassium hydroxide as activating agent by a one-step carbonization process. The effects of the preparation variables on the yield and adsorption properties of activated carbon were systematically studied via orthogonal experiments, and the optimum condition was obtained. The iodine value of the activated carbon prepared under the optimum condition was 1198.27mg/g and the methylene blue adsorption was 3 times of that the first grade product specified in the National Standard. Furthermore, the nitrogen isotherm of the sample was determined. The porous structures were investigated with the Horvath-Kawazoe equations and density function theory. The results of the pore structures analysis was consistent with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study. Key words：activated carbon；potassium hydroxide；pore size distribution；adsorption 烟草是一种十分重要的经济作物，属于可再生资 源，具有特殊的经济价值。烟杆作为烟草的一部分， 每年在摘收烟叶之后，即变成废料，或丢弃于田间地 头形成固体废弃物造成环境污染，或被晒干焚烧造成 大气污染。这不仅破坏了生态环境，而且浪费了可供 利用的资源。而另一方面，活性炭是具有发达孔隙结 构、巨大比表面积和优良吸附性能的含碳物质。目前 活性炭已被广泛应用于国防、化工、石油、纺织、食 品、医药、原子能工业、城市建设、环境保护以及人 类生活的各个方面 [1，2]。随着人们对环保问题的日益 重视，活性炭的需求量呈逐年增加的