声音是一种由物体振动引发的物理现象资料讲解.pptVIP

Sound is a physical phenomenon produced by the vibration of matter, such as a violin string, or a block of wood. As the matter vibrates, pressure variations are created in the air surrounding it. This alteration of high and low pressure is propagated through the air in a wave-like motion. When a wave reaches the human ear, a sound is heard. ; 声音和音频技术涉及的主要是声波(声学信号)的处理。编码、录音机或数字音频带的存储、音乐及语音处理是这一领域的主要课题。 Sound methodology and audio techniques engage in processing these sound waves (acoustic signals). Important topics in this area are coding, storage on recorders or digital audio tapes, music and speed processing. ; 声音是由物体的振动产生的，这种振动引起了周围空气压强的振荡，我们称这种振荡的函数表现形式为波形. Sound is produced by the vibration of matter. During the vibration, pressure variations are created in the air surrounding it. The pattern of the oscillation is called a waveform ;Figure 3.1:Oscillation of an air pressure wave.;声音的频率是周期的倒数，它表示的是声音在1秒钟内的周期数，单位是赫兹(Hz)。千赫(kHz),即1000Hz,表示每秒振动1000次[Boo87]。声音按频率可作如下划分: The frequency of a sound is the reciprocal value of the period; it represents the number periods in a second and is measured in hertz (Hz) or cycles per second (cps). A convenient abbreviation, kHz (kilohertz), is used to indicate thousands of oscillation per second: 1 kHz equals 1000 Hz [Boo87]. The frequency range is divided into: ; 次声 0～20Hz 人耳能听见的声音 20Hz～20KHz 超声 20KHz～1GHz 特超声 1GHz～10THz Infra-sound from 0 to 20 Hz Human hearing frequency range from 20Hz to 20kHz Ultrasound from 20kHz to 1GHz Hypersound from 1GHz to 10 THz ;多媒体系统中使用的声音一般只限于人耳能听到的范围，我们把人耳所能听见的声音为音频(audio),将这个范围内的声波称为声学信号(acoustic signal)。例如语音是由人发出的声学信号，乐器的频率范围在20Hz之间。我们将语音和音乐之外的音频信号统称为噪音。 Multimedia systems typically make use of sound only within the frequency range of human hearing. We will call sound within the human hearing range audio and the waves in this frequency range acoustic signals [Boo87]. F