【材料课件】材料科学概论知识课件.ppt

Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering;;材料与新技术革命;;;;材料与国防现代化;;;Chapter I Materials for Engineering;Key word;;Oxide Periodic[piEri5Cdik] table Plastic Polyethylene [7pCli5eWili:n] Polymer Property Refractory Semiconductor Silica硅石，SiO2 Silicate]硅酸盐 Silicon硅元素 Steel;1.1 Types of materials;;A Metals;Characteristics(metallic 金属的，金属性的) It is strong and can be readily formed into practical shapes . Ductile [5dQktail] —permanent deformability metallic luster electric conductor Metals have no brittleness and are safe for many applications.;Gasket [5^Askit] 垫圈, 衬垫;;;;B Ceramics [si5rAmiks];The ceramics is derived from Greek word “keramic” which means an art of potter . Include : glass ; enamels [i5nAmEl] ; refractories ; cements ; limes ; plasters(plaster of Paris) ; cermets[5sE:met]金属陶瓷, 含陶合金; electronic ceramics ; high and low tension electrical insulators ; structural clay products ; nuclear ceramics ; whitewares ; abrasives [E5breisiv] .;The Different Colors of Corundum [kE5rQndEm]; ;Questions;;2、Al2O3 MgO SiO2 Si3N4;3、One metallic element plus one of five nonmetallic elements (C, N, O, P, or S);4、Characteristics:;;;The similar structural feature of metals and ceramics: Crystalline: their constituent atoms are stacked together in a regular, repeating pattern. The distinction: ceramics can be made in a noncrystalline form . ;SiO2 (approximately 72%) Na2O CaO;Glass-ceramics is a third category Lithium aluminosilicates Certain glass compositions can be fully devitified by an appropriate thermal treatment;;;C Polymers(plastics); Any of numerous organic compounds, such as benzene and methane, that contain only carbon and hydrogen.; These man-made materials are a branch of organic chemistry .;;;; 1) no brittleness;Substitution for traditional structural metals;Qustions;;SiO2 (approximately 72%) Na2O CaO;;;;shell;wood;;;D Composite (fiber reinforce plastics);Combination of individual materia