高中英语---不定式for结构和of结构的区别.docxVIP

不定式for结构与of结构的区别 先请看以下两个句子 : It is difficult for a young man to speak of his view of life. 年轻人畅谈自己的人生观是困难的。 It is kind of you to help me. 谢谢你帮助我。 不难看出,这两句中的it都是形式主语，介词for和of都是用来引起不定式的逻辑主语。 第一句中不定式to speak of his view of life的逻辑主语是a young man; 第二句中不定式to help me 的逻辑主语是you。 为了行文方便,我们不妨把上面第一句中的斜体部分叫做不定式for结构,把第二句中的斜体部分叫做不定式of结构。 这两种结构在句中的用法是有区别的,其区别主要表现在以下几个方面。 一．不定式for结构在句子中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。 例如: How would it be for you to take charge of this class? 你负责这个班怎么样?(主语) I’d like for you to come here. 我很想你来这儿(宾语) The first thing would be for us to look for a shelter since it was raining so heavily. 雨下得这么大,要紧的事是我们找个避雨的地方。(表语) There is a lot of work for us to do. 我们有很多工作要做 。（定语） The word is too difficult for me to pronounce well. 这个词的发音太难了,我发不准。(状语) 而不定式of结构在句子中只能用作主语。例如: It’s nice of you to invite me. 你邀请我,你真好。 It’s awfully good you of to come to see me off at the station. 你来车站送我,太好了。 二．在有不定式for结构的句子中,作表语的形容词大都是表示事物性质的,如difficult, easy, heavy, important, necessary, possible等。这些形容词与for后的名词(或代词)的关系不密切,无意义上的主表关系;反之, 它们与句中的不定式或整个不定式for结构关系却十分紧密,有意义上的主表关系。 例如: It is necessary for you to learn from others. 你向别人学习是很有必要的。 此句中不定式的逻辑主语you与形容词necessary无主表关系,即不能说You are necessary to learn from others , 而可以说“To learn from others is necessary/For you to learn from others is necessary。 又如: Its impossible for anyone to learn English well without great efforts.(=For anyone to learn English well without great efforts is impossible.) 任何人不下苦功,是不可能学好英语的。 It’s hard for me to distinguish the twin sisters. (= For me to distinguish the twin sisters is hard.) 我很难区别这对孪生姐妹。 在有不定式of结构的句子中,作表语的形容词大都是表示人物特征的,如careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, polite, selfish等。这些形容词与of后的名词(或代词)的关系十分密切,有意义上的主表关系。 例如: It’s kind of you to do so. (= You are kind to do so.) 你这样做太好了。 Its wrong of you to borrow his dictionary without his permission. (= You are wrong to borrow his dictionary without his permission.) 你没有得到他的允许就借用他的词典是不对的。 ? 同时,这类形容词大多数也可指不定式行为的性质,也可用于带不定式for结构的句子中,但两种结构在意义上有所差别。 试比较以下两句: Its foolish of