中国科技之发明教案资料.ppt

明代（公元1368——1644年）初年，在安徽屯溪出现的一组综合性谷物加工机械。以流水冲击转轮带动石碓、石磨工作。In the early Ming Dynasty(1368-1644), a highly-efficient water-powered device for milling grain was installed in Tunxi County, Anhui Province. 纺织 weaving 蚕房Silkworm Raising 养蚕缫丝是中国古代的伟大发明之一，距今5000多年前，中国人已开始利用蚕丝织造丝织品。 The technique of reeling silk from silkworm cocoons was one of the great inventions in ancient China. Five thousand years ago, Chinese people began to use silk filaments reeled from cocoons to produce silk items. 纺织 Textile Spinning and Weaving 中国机具纺织起源于五千年前新石器时期的纺轮和腰机。西周时期具有传统性能的简单机械缫车、纺车、织机相继出现，汉代广泛使用提花机、斜织机，唐以后中国纺织机械日趋完善，大大促进了纺织业的发展。 Textile spinning and weaving using machinery in China originated from the spinning wheel in the Neolithic Age. In the Western Zhou period, the spinning wheel was further developed, and led to the invention of sophisticated spinning and weaving machines. In the Han Dynasty, the jacquard loom and cruise loom were widely used. In the Tang Dynasty, textile spinning and weaving developed as a full-scale industry. 四大名绣 Four Famous Types of Embroidery 苏、湘、蜀、粤四大名绣。苏绣以绣工精细、针法活泼、图案秀丽、色彩典雅著称。Four main types of embroidery emerged - Su embroidery (produced in the City of Suzhou), Xiang embroidery (produced in Hunan Province), Shu embroidery (produced in Sichuan Province), and Yue embroidery (produced in Guangdong Province). Su embroidery is famous for its fine workmanship, beautiful pictures and elegant colors, and is rated as the best of the four types. 蜀锦机?蜀锦机属提花机的一种，可织造多种图样花纹。 This machine was the forerunner of the jacquard loom。 织布 Cloth Weaving 春秋（公元前770——476年）时期，中国已使用脚踏织机。 As early as in the Spring and Autumn Period（770-476 B.C.）, China had begun to use the pedal loom, which was driven by manpower. 金缕玉衣 Replica of Jade Burial Clothes 此金缕玉衣为公元前113年西汉中山靖王刘胜墓随葬品的复制品。玉衣由2498片小玉片组成，每片玉片都磨光钻孔，钻孔直径约1毫米，用镀金丝连接而成，反映了当时设计水平和精湛加工技术。 The jade burial suit was excavated from the mausoleum of Liu Sheng, ruler of the State of Zhongshan. It is composed of 2,498