科技英语翻译技巧资料.pptVIP

2.there be 句型中修饰主语的of 短语可从定语转换成主语。 There are three main laws of mechanics,or three laws of Newton. 力学有三大定律，即牛顿三定律。 3.to have a…of …句型中的主语可转换成定语。 Water has a variable coefficient of expansion. 水的膨胀系数是可变的。 练习： 1.The earth is shaped like a ball. 2.This steam engine is only about 15 percent efficient. 3.A continuous increase in the temperature of a gas confined in a container will lead to a continuous increase in the internal pressure within the gas. 4.The oil tank has a capacity of 50 litres. 5. This machine tool is good in quality and small in size. 6.In any machine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction. 7.Numerous materials are available to today’s designers. 8.For nearly all substances the density gets smaller as the temperature is raised. 被动语态的译法 英语和汉语都有被动语态，但两种文字对被动语语态的运用却不尽相同。同一个意思，英语习惯用被动语态表达，汉语却往往要用主动语态。英译汉时，必须注意被动语态的译法，不要过分拘泥于原文的被动结构，而要根据汉语的习惯，做灵活多样的处理。 当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词，又不出现由介词by引导的行为主体时，往往可译成汉语的主动句，原句的主语在译文中仍为主语。 一、译成汉语的主动句 1.原主语仍译为主语(省略被字的被动句) Sand casting is used to make large parts. 砂型铸造用于制造大型零件。 Materials may be grouped in several ways. 材料可以按几种方式分类。 2.把原主语译成宾语，而把行为主体或相当于行为主体的介词宾语译成主语 Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication. 润滑能减少摩擦，延长机器寿命。 A new kind of magnifying glass is being made in that factory. 那个工厂正在制造一种新的放大镜。 3.增译逻辑主语：原句中未包含动作的发出者，译成主动句时可从逻辑主语出发，适当增添不确定主语，如“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等。 Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals. 大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。 Magnesium is found to be the best material for making flash light. 人们发现，镁是制造闪光灯的最好材料。 汉语句的无主句与英语相比是一种独特的句型。英语的许多被动句不需要或无法讲出动作的发出者，因此往往可译成汉语的无主句，而把原句中的主语译成宾语。 Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. 已经注意到采取新的防腐措施。 In the watch making industry, the tradition of high precision engineering must be kept. 在钟表制造业中，必须保持高精度工艺的传统。 二、译成汉语的无主句 三、译成汉语的判断句 凡是着重描述事物的过程、性质和状态的英语被动句，与系表结构相近，往往可译成“是…的结构。 The volume is not measured in square millimeters. It is measured in cubic millimeters. 体积不是以平方毫米计量的。它是以立方