高级英语 Everyday Use 背景资料.pptVIP

BackgroundofEveryday Use 英语1091 姚莉 胡慧 African-American history starts in the 16th century, with African slaves who quickly rose up against the?Spanish explorer?Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón?and progresses to the present day, when?Barack Obama?has been elected as the 44th?and current?President of the United States. African Americans?in the United States faced discrimination, segregation, and stereotyping, especially in the Southern and Midwestern United states for decades after the?American Civil War. African Americans (also referred to as?Black Americans?or?Afro-Americans, and formerly as?American Negros) are citizens or residents of the?United State?who have at least partial ancestry from any of the native populations of?Sub-Saharan Africa?and are the direct descendants of?enslaved Africans?within the boundaries of the present United States. Most African Americans are of?West African?descent. However, some immigrants?from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations or their descendants, may also self-identify with the term. African Americans make up the single largest?racial minority in the United States. African Americans The majority of African Americans descended from slaves, most of whom were sold into slavery as prisoners of war by African states or kidnapped by African, European or American slave traders. The existing market for slaves in Africa was exploited and expanded by European powers in need of labor for New World plantations. African slaves The first African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. The English settlers treated these captives as indentured servants (契约仆人) and released them after a number of years. This practice was gradually replaced by the system of race-based slavery used in the Caribbean. As servants were freed, they became competition for resources. Additionally, released servants had to be replaced. This, combined with the still ambiguous nature of the social status of Blacks and the difficulty in u